Gough Whitlam and the CIA’s forgotten coup
Kerr's private secretary David Smith reads out the letter ending Gough
Whitlam's commission, while Gough looms over his shoulder, 11 November
1975.
The political demise of Gough Whitlam man is one of America's dirtiest secrets — but don’t expect to hear that from Australia’s political and media elite, writes John Pilger.
ACROSS THE POLITICAL AND MEDIA ELITE in Australia, a silence has
descended on the memory of the great, reforming Prime Minister Gough
Whitlam, who died this week. His achievements are recognised, if
grudgingly, his mistakes noted in false sorrow. But a critical reason
for his extraordinary political demise will, they hope, be buried with
him.
Australia briefly became an independent state during the Whitlam years, 1972-75.
An American commentator wrote that no country had
‘… reversed its posture in international affairs so totally without going through a domestic revolution.’
Whitlam ended his nation’s colonial servility. He abolished royal
patronage, moved Australia towards the Non-Aligned Movement, supported
“zones of peace” and opposed nuclear weapons testing.
Although not regarded as on the left of the Labor Party, Whitlam was a
maverick social democrat of principle, pride and propriety. He believed
that a foreign power should not control his country's resources and
dictate its economic and foreign policies. He proposed to "buy back the
farm".
In drafting the first Aboriginal lands rights legislation, his
government raised the ghost of the greatest land grab in human history ‒
Britain’s colonisation of Australia ‒ and the question of who owned the
island-continent’s vast natural wealth.
Latin Americans will recognise the audacity and danger of this
“breaking free” in a country whose establishment was welded to great,
external power.
Australians had served every British imperial adventure since the Boxer Rebellion was crushed in China.
In the 1960s, Australia pleaded to join the U.S. in its invasion of
Vietnam, then provided “black teams” to be run by the CIA. U.S.
diplomatic cables published last year by WikiLeaks disclose the names
of leading figures in both main parties, including a future prime
minister and foreign minister, as Washington’s informants during the
Whitlam years.
Whitlam knew the risk he was taking.
The day after his election, he ordered that his staff should not be
"vetted or harassed" by the Australian security organisation, ASIO —
then, as now, tied to Anglo-American intelligence.
When his ministers publicly condemned the U.S. bombing of Vietnam as "corrupt and barbaric", Frank Snepp, a CIA station officer in Saigon at the time said:
"We were told the Australians might as well be regarded as North Vietnamese collaborators."
Whitlam demanded to know if and why the CIA was running a spy base at Pine Gap near Alice Springs — a giant vacuum cleaner which, as Edward Snowden revealed recently, allows the U.S. to spy on everyone.
"Try to screw us or bounce us," Whitlam warned the U.S. ambassador, "[and Pine Gap] will become a matter of contention".
Victor Marchetti, the CIA officer who had helped set up Pine Gap, later told me:
"This threat to close Pine Gap caused apoplexy in the White House. ... a kind of Chile [coup] was set in motion."
Pine Gap's top-secret messages were de-coded by a CIA contractor, TRW.
One of the de-coders was Christopher Boyce, a young man troubled by the "deception and betrayal of an ally".
Boyce revealed
that the CIA had infiltrated the Australian political and trade union
elite and referred to the Governor-General of Australia, Sir John Kerr,
as
"… our man Kerr”.
Kerr was not only the Queen’s man, he had longstanding ties to
Anglo-American intelligence. He was an enthusiastic member of the
Australian Association for Cultural Freedom, described by Jonathan Kwitny of the Wall Street Journal in his book, The Crimes of Patriots, as
‘… an elite, invitation-only group... exposed in Congress as
being founded, funded and generally run by the CIA". The CIA "paid for
Kerr's travel, built his prestige... Kerr continued to go to the CIA for
money.’
When Whitlam was re-elected for a second term, in 1974, the White House sent Marshall Green to Canberra to be ambassador.
Green was an imperious, sinister figure who worked in the shadows of America's "deep state". Known as the "coupmaster", he had played a central role
in the 1965 coup against President Sukarno in Indonesia — which cost up
to a million lives. One of his first speeches in Australia was to the Australian Institute of Company Directors — described by an alarmed member of the audience as
"… an incitement to the country's business leaders to rise against the Government.”
The Americans and British worked together.
In 1975, Whitlam discovered that Britain's MI6 was operating against his government.
He said later:
"The Brits were actually de-coding secret messages coming into my foreign affairs office."
One of his ministers, Clyde Cameron, told me:
“We knew MI6 was bugging Cabinet meetings for the Americans."
In the 1980s, senior CIA officers revealed that the "Whitlam problem" had been discussed "with urgency" by the CIA's director, William Colby, and the head of MI6, Sir Maurice Oldfield.
A deputy director of the CIA said:
"Kerr did what he was told to do."
On 10 November, 1975, Whitlam was shown a top secret telex message sourced to Theodore Shackley, the notorious head of the CIA's East Asia Division, who had helped run the coup against Salvador Allende in Chile two years earlier.
Shackley's message was read to Whitlam.
It said that the prime minister of Australia was a security risk in
his own country. The day before, Kerr had visited the headquarters of
the Defence Signals Directorate, Australia's NSA where he was briefed on the "security crisis".
On 11 November ‒ the day Whitlam was to inform Parliament about the secret CIA presence in Australia ‒ he was summoned by Kerr.
Invoking archaic vice-regal "reserve powers", Kerr sacked the democratically elected prime minister. The “Whitlam problem” was solved, and Australian politics never recovered, nor the nation its true independence.
Read more by John Pilger at johnpilger.com or follow him on Twitter @JohnPilger.
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