GP Co-Payment: Policy Analysis
Even Tony Abbott and Joe Hockey seem confusedabout their Great. Big. New. Tax on doctor’s visits, as announced in
their horror budget two weeks ago. It’s still not clear exactly how this
policy will be applied and who it will be applied to. While the
government who introduced the tax go back to the drawing board to try to
work out how it actually works, I thought it might be useful to do some
policy analysis of my own, by interviewing my brother-in-law. I know
this is a radical idea and one Abbott and his government clearly haven’t
considered, but let’s throw in some facts from an expert. My
brother-in-law can provide these facts in an expert manner since he is a
GP:
Peter Dutton has said he decided the government should introduce the Medicare co-payment while visiting his doctor.
Dutton explained that people should contribute to visits to a GP
because this would make the health care system more financially
sustainable. This doesn’t strike me as a consultative policy analysis
process. If Dutton had chosen to investigate the effect of this policy
in a more consultative way, who should he have spoken to?
Changes to the Medicare architecture should be undertaken through
liaison between the Department of Health, the AMA [Australian Medical
Association], the College of General Practice and State Health
Departments.
As a practicing GP, what is your opinion of the Abbott government’s proposed Medicare $7 GP co-payment policy?
The proposed Medicare co-payment and its associated changes to
Medicare have the potential to be very destructive to patient care for a
couple of reasons.
Firstly, it will deter people from discussing minor symptoms that
they have with their GP, which often are a warning sign of more serious
illness. This can lead to patients presenting with more advanced or
severe disease, which may ultimately present a higher cost burden for
the government.
Secondly, the capacity for general practices to be flexible in their
billing to patients with limited financial resources is significantly
reduced under the proposed changes.
Thirdly, hospital emergency departments will see a major increase in
the volume of people with minor ailments presenting for care. Already,
approximately 30% of patients presenting to an emergency department are
non-urgent or semi-urgent conditions that could be managed in a GP
setting. I suspect this proportion will increase significantly after the
introduction of the co-payment.
Finally, the co-payment may influence doctors to manage their
patients in a less-than-ideal manner, as GP’s may try to protect their
patient from additional fees. For example, the GP may not undertake a
planned review of an infected wound the next day to see if the
antibiotics are helping. Or the GP may defer referring the patient for
pathology tests that might have picked up the serious electrolyte
abnormality. There is a significant potential for the quality of care to
deteriorate.
What influence will the $7 Medicare GP co-payment have on the
total price GPs will need to charge their patients rather than
bulk-billing? Will there be an administration fee charged on top of the
$7 fee?
This will vary depending on the way the practice currently bills.
Some practices charge all patients a fee with a gap. The proposed
Medicare changes will reduce the amount that patients get as a rebate
and they will therefore have a larger gap (however, the co-payment
per-se won’t be paid).
It is practices that bulk-bill patients who will see the most impact.
For example, a general practitioner that chooses to bulk-bill a
pensioner for a standard consult will have a 24% decrease in their
income for that patient, and if they charge the co-payment without an
additional fee on top, then their income will drop by 11%.
For example, here is the current situation where a standard consult for a pensioner is conducted:
Medicare Rebate ($36.30) + bulk-billing incentive ($6.60) = $42.90
And here are the proposed changes:
If no co-payment is charged then total income for consult is:
Medicare rebate ($31.30) = $31.30
If co-payment is charged:
Medicare rebate ($31.30) and low-gap incentive ($6.60) and co-payment ($2.00) = $39.90
As a general practitioner who runs a small business, these reductions
in income have the potential to make the business unviable. My practice
is considering its options but it is likely that we will simply have to
charge concessional patients a gap of approximately $11 to maintain
business viability (this will essentially keep our income stable). We
are exploring other options such as reducing the duration of consults
from 15 minutes to 12 minutes or reducing the number of supporting
staff, but these options all have a negative impact on patient care.
What types of patients will this co-payment affect the most?
Do you expect certain types of patients to visit their doctor less
often?
This will have the most impact on patients who have chronic illness.
In particular; the elderly, those with mental illness, diabetes, high
blood pressure and children with recurrent infections. The impact will
depend on how the medical profession and medical practices change their
fee structure after the changes are introduced. It is unclear whether
the large bulk-billing organisations such as Primary Health Care will
continue to bulk-bill or whether they will charge the co-payment. I
suspect that the overall impact of these changes will be much more
severe than expected as many general practices like mine will change
from conducting ‘mixed-billing’ (bulk-billing concessional patients and
charging gap for non-concessional patients) to conducting private (gap)
billing for all patients.
What types of illnesses and conditions will people suffer from more severely if they don’t see their GP as often?
Chronic illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, asthma, heart
disease and those with mental illness are likely to be the hardest hit.
I also expect that some diseases will be picked up later. For
example, a woman with a minor breast symptom who delays having it
checked and it ultimately is found to be a breast cancer.
Another example is that if a patient reports an unusual mole early
and it is excised and found to be an early melanoma, there is very
little risk of the cancer spreading and cure is usual. However, if the
melanoma is diagnosed after spreading, it is generally regarded as
incurable and the costs of newer chemotherapies for melanoma are
astronomical in comparison.
What affect do you think the GP co-payments will have on the
overall health of the community and on the health budget bottom line?
There is likely to be a negative effect on general health in the
community. I suspect that we will see some diseases that have been
declining in severity, such as heart attacks or advanced breast cancer,
either plateau or even increase in frequency.
I suspect the health budget will largely be unchanged, as while there
will be a reduced number of general practice consultations and
pathology/imaging rebates, there will be an increase in the number of
more advanced diseases. There will probably be some cost-shifting as the
more advanced cancers and heart disease will be cared for through the
hospital system, whereas there will be less costs coming from general
practice.
Do you think it was responsible of the Abbott government to
use the revenue from the GP co-payment to build a future fund to fund
scientific health research?
Increased funding for research is sorely needed. If there is a
co-payment then I would support its proceeds going to research, however,
I believe this funding should go to non-corporate research such as
through the CSIRO or universities. I am concerned that corporate grants
will be given for research by pharmaceutical companies that do not need
government support.
The funding to the states for the provision of hospital care should
also be increased if the co-payment is introduced as the further demand
will outstrip already limited services in our public hospitals.
So there we have it. Not only some much needed facts, but clear
analysis that shows the government haven’t thought through this policy.
Either that, or they have and they don’t care about the detrimental
impacts on our community. Sigh.
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